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Understand how the infractions process works

Get a clear view of how potential rules violations are reviewed — from investigation through resolution — or jump straight to the data.

Not all rules violations are equal

The NCAA categorizes violations into three levels in Division I and two levels in Division II & Division III based on scope, severity and intent. The level determines how a case is reviewed and what penalties may apply.

Division I

Level I Violations
  • Seriously undermine or threaten the integrity of college sports.
  • Provide or are intended to provide a substantial or extensive recruiting, competitive or other advantage.
  • Are a substantial or extensive impermissible benefit
Level II Violations
  • Provide or are intended to provide more than a minimal but less than a substantial or extensive recruiting, competitive or other advantage.
  • Include more than a minimal but less than a substantial or extensive impermissible benefit.
  • Involve conduct that may compromise the integrity of college sports.
Level III Violations
  • Are inadvertent and isolated or limited in nature.
  • Provide no more than a minimal recruiting, competitive or other advantage.
  • Provide no more than a minimal impermissible benefit.

Division II & Division III

Major Violations
  • Include multiple secondary violations and are collectively considered major.
  • Provide or are intended to provide an extensive recruiting, competitive or other advantage.
  • Include significant impermissible benefits.
Secondary Violations
  • Are inadvertent and isolated or limited in nature.
  • Provide or are intended to provide only a minimal recruiting, competitive or other advantage.
  • Do not include significant impermissible benefits.

How the infractions process works

The infractions process for Level I, Level II and Major Violations follows a formal review process that may include an investigation, hearing and penalties. Level III and Secondary Violations are handled through separate procedures.
Rule Creation
Rules are established by NCAA member schools to promote fairness, protect student-athlete well-being and uphold the integrity of college sports.
Review and Investigation
NCAA enforcement staff review information, gather facts and determine whether a potential violation may have occurred.
Charging
If evidence supports a potential violation, the NCAA formally notifies the school and any involved individuals.
Resolution
Cases may be resolved through an agreement between parties or through a hearing process before the Committee on Infractions.
Penalties
If violations are confirmed, penalties may be imposed to address a violation, preserve fairness, promote compliance, and deter future violations.
Appeal
Certain decisions may be appealed for review by the Infractions Appeals Committee.
OUR COMMITMENT

Fair. Accurate. Collaborative. Timely.

The NCAA is committed to upholding the rules fairly and consistently across every division. Every decision is guided by our commitment to NCAA values, including protecting student-athletes, supporting school accountability, and preserving the integrity of college sports and member schools. By holding to clear standards and applying them the same way every time, we work to keep competition fair — so student-athletes can succeed on a level playing field.

How each division applies the process

The same fairness principles guide enforcement across every division — but each division has its own committees and process. Select your division below to see the details that apply.

Why cases can take time

Eligibility Reinstatement vs. Enforcement and Infractions

Eligibility reinstatement decisions focus on the student-athlete; enforcement decisions focus on the school and involved parties.

Student-athlete eligibility reinstatement
  • Focuses on a student-athlete’s role in a potential violation
  • Determines whether they can continue to compete
  • Decided case-by-case using established guidelines
  • May include conditions for reinstatement
  • Sometimes resolved before the broader investigation is complete

Enforcement and infractions
  • Focuses on school responsibility for violations
  • Investigates schools, staff, student-athletes or representatives
  • Follows a structured process: investigation, resolution, penalties
  • Determines whether violations occurred and what sanctions apply
  • Operates separately from eligibility — but can affect it
THE MORE YOU KNOW

Academic Integrity in Action

Academic integrity helps protect fair competition and the value of a student-athlete’s education. Learn how academic misconduct can impact eligibility, schools and college sports.

Panel approves clearer definition of bona fide competition in swimming and diving

Academic Integrity Cases and Infractions Decisions

Explore recent Level I, Level II and Major academic misconduct cases through the dashboard below. Looking for additional infractions decisions, negotiated resolutions or cases from other violation categories? View the complete NCAA Infractions Decisions Database.

Academic Integrity Resources for NCAA Schools

Looking for guidance on academic misconduct, school responsibilities and academic integrity best practices? Explore division-specific resources for coaches, administrators, faculty and compliance professionals.